Uses specific protocols and standards in the process of exchanging information to ensure that the message are received and understood. Four protocols are application, transport, internetwork, and network access layer.
Application Protocol--Is hypertext transfer protocol. HTTP governs the way that a web server and a web client interacts. HTTP defines the format of the requests and responses exchanged between the client and server.
Transport Protocol--Is transmission control protocol. TCP manages the individual conversations between web servers and web clients. TCP formats the HTTP messages into segments and provides flow control and acknowledgement of packets exchanged between hosts.
Internetwork Protocol--Is internet protocol. IP is responsible for taking the formatted segments form TCP, assigning the logical addressing, and encapsulating them into packets for routing to the destination host.
HTTP, TCP, and IP are the KEY protocols required to download a web page for an internet server.
Network Access Protocols-- Is data link management and physical network transmissions. Data link management protocols take the packet from IP and encapsulate them into the appropriate frame format for the local network. These protocols assign the physical addresses to the frames and prepare them to be transmitted over the network.
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